Sickle cell disease Essay Assignment

1. Like mentioned, our cells do not always copy correctly. It is not always bad, but sometimes it can be life-threatening, such as Sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is a form of anemia where the person cannot get enough oxygen throughout the body due to insufficient healthy red blood cells.

This is because it affects the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. When a person has sickle cell disease, their cells become a sickle or crescent shape rather than a round one.

They become tough and sticky, so they cannot travel through the body as easily. As a result, the person will have difficulty getting oxygen throughout the body as blood flow is slowed down or stopped. When red blood cells have a sickle shape, they do not last as long as normal red blood cells.

Oxygen cannot be carried out because of this. Normally, hemoglobin has four proteins where two subunits are called alpha-globin while the other two are called beta-globin.

When a person has sickle cell disease, one of their beta-globin is replaced with hemoglobin S. Another case would be hemoglobin subunits are replaced with an abnormal one. Abnormal ones can change the red blood cells to a sickle shape.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sic…

When it comes to cloning, I did not realize how much further we as a society have gone into it. I think it is quite interesting the many ways that they can clone.

I feel like cloning might help find cures and be able to treat and cure people that before might not have been able to. It can also help by producing more resources, possibly taking advantage of them through-opping extinction.

The ethical controversy surrounding human cloning is that it is not normal. Many religious people believe God creates people or whatever their religion might be about.

Religion and science have not always mixed very well and have always been controversial. Although cloning is neither a normal topic nor even the norm, many will feel uneasy and not so great about cloning humans.

Mayo Clinic Staff. “Sickle Cell Anemia.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 29 Dec. 2016, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell- anemia/symptoms-causes/sync-20355876.

National Institutes of Health. “Sickle Cell Disease – Genetics Home Reference.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9 Jan. 2018, ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell- disease.

2. – One example would be the example of Dolly, the sheep. Dolly is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. Before Dolly was cloned, several other creatures, such as cows and mice, were cloned. But Dolly was the most famous cloned animal because she was cloned from an adult cell.

A sheep can normally live to age 11 or 12, but Dolly had arthritis in a hind leg joint and from sheep pulmonary adenomatosis. Dolly’s DNA in the nucleus is wrapped up into chromosomes; they shorten each time the cell replicates.

Dolly’s chromosomes were a little shorter than those of other sheep her age, and early aging may reflect that she was raised from the nucleus of a 6-year-old sheep. This means that when Dolly was born, she was already six years old.

Dolly died at an early age because of many genetic cloning problems. I think cloning animals is an interesting thing to do, but ultimately it is morally wrong.

I believe that giving birth to an animal, or the process of a living being born into this world, should be through natural ways. I think it is unholy to clone as we are violating the rules of nature.

When compared to animals, cloning humans is just wrong. Every human being is unique and should not be ever cloned. Imagine having another you cloned; sure, it could be a lot of conveniences, but the cloned you would have different personalities.

Therefore I believe there will never be a “perfect” clone; even if you clone someone, he will never be the same as the original. That is my stance on human cloning.

http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances…

3. Inherited disease is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. From the article, Geneticists group genetic disorders into three categories: Monogenetic disorders, Multifactorial inheritance disorders, and Chromosome disorders.

I take the example of Parkinson’s Disease, one inherited disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological condition that typically causes tremors and stiffness in movement.

Most people affected with PD are unaware of any relatives with the condition, but there is a family history in several families. In terms of Genetics, sometimes, if one of our genes is not working properly, the other copy of the gene cannot make up for it, and that causes a condition or an increased risk of developing it. In most cases, inheriting a non-working copy of a single gene will not cause someone to develop Parkinson’s disease.

Work Cited:

1.“Learning About Parkinson’s Disease.” National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), www.genome.gov/10001217/learning-about-Parkinsons-disease/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

2. “FAQ About Genetic Disorders.” National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), www.genome.gov/19016930/faq-about-genetic-disorders/.