Lab 8
Guidelines and Questions for the Module 8 Lab: Glaciers This assignment is due Monday, April 23rd at 5:00 pm. Please submit your answers to this lab using the “Lab 08 Questions” quiz in D2L. The quiz will be available in D2L until the due date. The Module 8 Lab may be accessed at this URL (I recommend opening the lab in a new browser window, so you can maximize its screen extent, rather than working on the lab within D2L): https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=b9e27469277e4ceea738f639b5e7e7 46 Module 8 Lab questions and multiple-choice options are given below. Please read “Hints” regarding story map functions, content, and required response format for #6-7 (provided in yellow highlighting). LAB QUESTIONS Introduction 1. What are some uses of freshwater from glaciers? A. Agriculture B. Industry C. Tourism D. All of the above 2. What is the semi-circular feature at the far left of the image? A. Drumlin B. Lateral moraine C. Terminal moraine D. Medial moraine Note: the link to the animation needed to answer question 3 is broken. For #3, please read the article at this website, and study the figure below, which depicts water vapor transport to Antarctica in the modern climate.
Source: NASA Earth Observatory, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_OxygenBalance/oxygen_balance.php
Prior to answering #3, also note the following: under ice age conditions, less 18O was evaporated from the oceans, because the heavier isotope (18O) requires more energy for evaporation than does the lighter isotope (16O). In general, less energy was available to evaporate 18O during colder, ice age conditions. The colder conditions during ice ages also promoted greater condensation and “rain out” of 18O relative to 16O in the mid-latitudes. Thus, during ice ages, the polar ice sheets became even more enriched in 16O and depleted in 18O than during modern conditions. 3. Within the snow, do colder temperatures result in higher or lower concentrations of light oxygen (16O)?
A. Higher, because there is more energy to lift 18O out of the ocean B. Lower, because there is more energy to lift 18O out of the ocean C. Higher, because there is less energy to lift 18O out of the ocean D. Lower, because there is less energy to lift 18O out of the ocean 4. What happened to the Peterman Glacier on Aug 5, 2010? A. Satellite imagery notice the glacier was actually advancing B. A large mass of the glacier broke off the main glacier C. Icebergs were spotted calving D. An ice dam created by icebergs broke unleashing 3 million cfs of water 5. What was the peak discharge on August 14, 2002? A. 97 cfs B. 3.9 million cfs C. 1.9 million cfs D. 145,000 cfs Global Perspective Note: For questions 6-7 list the capital letter of the multiple choice option that corresponds to the appropriate city, followed by the capital letter of the multiple choice option that corresponds to the appropriate population, followed by the capital letter of the multiple choice option that corresponds to the appropriate direction. List the capital letters only, as you did for Lab 7. Do not include periods or spaces between, before, or after the answers. Hint: Click the push pin marking the city location, then click the arrow on the right hand side of the pop-up label that appears to determine the city’s population. Zoom in and out or pan around to determine the direction of the glacier from each city. The specific glaciers of interest are typically represented by a light blue polygon that is superimposed on the imagery close to the city. 6. City, Population, Glacier? City: A. Lima B. Buenos Aires C. Santiago D. Bogotá Population: A. 7.2 million B. 2.7 million
C. 3.6 million D. 4.5 million Glacier(s) located which direction from city: A. North B. East C. West D. South 7. City, Population, Glacier? City: A. Bhutan B. Lhasa C. Katmandu D. Tibet Population: A. 2.7 million B. 4.3 million C. 1.9 million D. 4.5 million Glacier(s) located which direction from city: A. North B. West C. East D. South Note: for #8, rather than determining the glacier’s latitude and longitude, please determine its name. To find the name, click the push pin marker for this question, then click the arrow on the right hand side of the pop-up label that appears. 8. Glacier name? A. Atetsch Glacier B. Chacaltaya Glacier C. Hubbard Glacier D. Valerie Glacier Alpine Glaciation 9. Where do we find the deep fissures in the glacier known as crevasses– in the zone of accumulation or the zone of ablation? (Hint – when answering this question, you should select the area on the glacier where crevasses are most readily visible on the surface of the glacier.) A. Zone of accumulation B. Both zone of accumulation and ablation C. Zone of ablation D. Neither zone of accumulation now ablation.
10. Explain the direction of flow of glacial ice, from the zone of accumulation to the loss of ice by meltwater. A. The glacier flows downward from the zone of accumulation under the influence of gravity. B. The glacier flows uphill as it melts. C. The glacier flows in a northern direction towards the North Pole. D. Direction depends on the amount of snowfall. Hint: The landforms shown in questions 11-16 can be challenging to identify. Use the material provided in Section 14.5 of the course text, along with the imagery and information in the story map, to help you identify these features. 11. The ridgeline (between points A and B) is what type of glacial feature? A. Cirque B. Tarn C. Horn D. Arete 12. What glacial feature (there are nearly 20 of them) is found on both sides of the ridgeline between A and B? A. Cirque B. Tarn C. Horn D. Arete 13. Look at the lake below this ridgeline. This lake is what type of glacial feature? A. Cirque B. Tarn C. Horn D. Arete 14. What type of glacial feature is this lake? A. Cirque B. Tarn C. Horn D. Arete 15. What is the name of this glacial feature, to which the mountain is named? (Hint – this feature is named “Matterhorn.”) A. Cirque B. Tarn C. Horn D. Arete
Hint: Be sure to follow the “click here” link to learn more about valleys before trying to answer #16. Also, inspect the 3D perspective of Feature E (immediately above #16 in the story map) before attempting this question. 16. What type of valley is found at E? A. River valley B. Glacial valley C. Hanging valley D. V-shaped valley Hint: questions 17-19 are related to types of moraines produced by alpine glaciation. Use the material about moraines provided in Section 14.5 of the course text, along with the imagery and information in the story map, to help you identify features F, G, and H. 17. Feature F? Hint: zoom in close before trying to identify this feature. A. Medial moraine B. Terminal moraine C. Lateral moraine D. Recessional moraine 18. Feature G? A. Medial moraine B. Terminal moraine C. Lateral moraine D. Recessional moraine 19. Feature H? Hint: zoom in close before trying to identify this feature. A. Medial moraine B. Terminal moraine C. Lateral moraine D. Recessional moraine Continental Glaciation 20. According to the shapes of the drumlins, what (compass) direction do you think the ice was moving when it formed the drumlins? (Hint-North is at the top of the contour overlay aerial image). A. NE B. NW C. SE D. SW 21. How wide, in miles, is the lake (from H to I)? A. 1.6 miles B. 2.6 miles C. 3.6 miles D. 4.6 miles
22. Assuming the lake is circular, calculate the area of this lake (A = πr2) in square miles, where A is area, pi is 3.14, and r2 is the radius of the circle squared. A. 2.00 square miles B. 8.04 square miles C. 40.72 square miles D. 66.48 square miles Note: for #23 and 25, you may find that you are unable to adjust the opacity (transparency) of the topographic map. If so, you can still complete the question. If you want to view the imagery rather than the topographic map, just uncheck the box beside the topographic map’s label in the layer list. To redisplay the topo map, recheck its box. 23. What is the length of the esker in miles? (Select the option that is closest to the value you observe in the story map). A. 0.1 mile B. 2 miles C. 5 miles D. 10 miles 24. What are the two dominant economic activities found around the esker? A. Farming and ranching B. Ranching and quarrying C. Tourism and farming D. Quarrying and farming 25. What is the high point of the moraine in section 1 (the central eastern part of the topographic map marked by the red number 1)? (Hint: the blue pin indicates the location of the grid square containing section 1. Click the info icon in the lower right hand corner of the viewer window for info about the map, including its contour interval). A. 1550 B. 1650 C. 1705 D. 1555