To Prepare
Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.
Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
Think about the short-term and long-term impact of diabetes you selected on patients, including the effects of drug treatments.
Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.
Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments
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Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments
Diabetes Type 1
Type 1 diabetes refers to an autoimmune disease, which involves the destruction of the pancreatic b cells resulting in insulin deficiency (DiMeglio et al., 2018). Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Diabetes type 1 is diagnosed when individuals’ fasting blood sugar levels are above 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/Dl) or random blood glucose concentration, which is above 11.1 mmol/L with symptoms or abnormal oral glucose tolerance test results. Symptoms of diabetes type 1 include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, bedwetting, blurred vision, fatigue and weaknesses, unintended weight loss, and irritability.
Treatment and Management
The goal of the treatment of diabetes type 1 diabetes is to keep the blood sugar levels in the normal range. Before meals, the blood sugar levels should be between 80 and 130 mg/dl while after meals the blood sugar levels should be no higher than 180 mg/dL. Diabetes type 1 should be managed with insulin. Types of insulin include short-acting insulin, Rapid-acting insulin, intermediate-acting insulin, and long-acting insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously, which allows the diffusion of insulin into the body (Akil et al., 2021).
A patient suffering from diabetes type 1 should demonstrate healthy eating foods such as those with high fiber, and low fat. They should consume foods such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.
Short-term and Long-term Implications
Diabetes type 1 has both short-term and long-term implications such as renal damage, can damage to the heart and blood vessels, can result in nerve damage, pregnancy complications, limb amputation, eye damage, and skin and mouth condition (Kahanovitz et al., 2017). It is therefore vital for people diagnosed with the condition to ensure they monitor their blood glucose levels as well as look out for symptoms.
References
Attri, B., Goyal, A., Gupta, Y., & Tandon, N. (2020). Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 11(9), 2177–2194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00873-3
DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2018). Type 1 diabetes. Lancet (London, England), 391(10138), 2449–2462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31320-5
Kahanovitz, L., Sluss, P. M., & Russell, S. J. (2017). Type 1 Diabetes – A Clinical Perspective. Point of care, 16(1), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/POC.0000000000000125