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PHI 105 Topic 4 Quiz Fallacies in Everyday Life Quiz

PHI 105 Topic 4 Quiz Fallacies in Everyday Life Quiz (Version 1)

Directions: Please read the example and choose the fallacy that best describes the type of fallacious reasoning used.

1. “There are two types of students- the student that works really hard and does well and the student that does nothing and fails.”
2. Robert made his first purchase on ebay and the package did not arrive on time. Robert says he will not purchase another product on ebay because they never arrive on time.
3. The top four leaders of a University were chosen to work on a project together. Since they are the best leaders they should be the perfect team to complete the project.

1. A couple recently put in a pool in their backyard. Since the pool was put in, they have had quite a few rabbits hopping around the yard.  They determined that the pool must have attracted the rabbits to their yard.
2. Most public schools have embraced the policy that students cannot bring in homemade treats to handout to the class. Some parents are upset by this because they think if they won’t allow students to bring homemade snacks for other students, they will continue to make more rules until students can’t even bring in their own lunch.
3. There must be other universes in outer space since there is no evidence to prove that there are not any other universes.
4. Joseph ran for President of his high school’s senior class. When Joseph’s opponent, Sandra, won the election he felt that the voting was rigged and that the people distributing ballots must have told students to vote for Sandra or they may have bribed the voters with candy.
5. Jones teaches math by giving students daily timed tests to help them learn addition and subtraction facts. When another teacher asked why she doesn’t use the new manipulatives available to teach students how to add and subtract, Ms. Jones replied “I don’t know, that’s just the way I have always taught the addition and subtraction facts!”
6. Michael Phelps, a popular Olympic swimmer acts in commercials to promote a shampoo. Promoting products using famous people as a sales tactic is an example of:
7. Mike left work 15 minutes early because everyone else seemed to leave at least 15 minutes early on Fridays so he figured it must be okay to do.
   

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PHI 105 Topic 4 Quiz Fallacies in Everyday Life Quiz (Version 2)

1. Joseph ran for President of his high school’s senior class.  When Joseph’s opponent, Sandra, won the election, he felt that the voting was rigged and that the people
distributing ballots must have told students to vote for Sandra or they may have bribed the voters with candy.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

2. Mike left work 15 minutes early because everyone else seemed to leave at least 15 minutes early on Fridays so he figured it must be okay to do.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

3. Formulating a complex or unlikely explanation for an event when a simpler explanation would do.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

4. The top four leaders of a University were chosen to work on a project together.  Since they are the best leaders they should be the perfect team to complete the project.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

5. This error occurs when we don’t acknowledge that there may be grey areas that exist, both alternatives could be true, and other possibilities may exist.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

6. “You should not eat at fast food restaurants because if you do then soon that is all you will be eating.”

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

7. “Stanley Clarke is the best bassist ever because he is better at playing the bass than anyone who has ever lived.”

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

8. Putting two or more good things together does not necessarily mean they will be good together.

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

9. “With the U.S. unemployment rate at 9.1%, every state, county, and city has
unemployment problems (Johnson, 2011).”

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

10. Saying something must be true (or false) because there is little-to-no evidence to prove that it is not true (or not false).

Which one of the following fallacies most align with this statement?

Also Read:

PHI 105 Topic 7: Assignments

PHI/105 Introduction to Philosophy

Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation based on the topic proposed in Week Six.

Include the following in your presentation:

• Description of the issue of controversy.
• Discussion of how a feminist or postcolonialist (or both) would describe the roots of the problem.
• Discussion of the political or ethical theories that are in evidence in the controversy.
• Your proposed solution to the problem based on the readings and your own research.
• Description of why you think your approach would solve the problem better than current approaches.

Cite at least 2 peer-reviewed sources and include a reference list at the end of the presentation. The following are useful resources that are available on the Multimedia page of the University Library:

• Issues & Controversies
• Issues & Controversies in American History
• Global Issues in Context

Provide detailed speaker notes

PHI-105 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Persuasive Essay: Thesis Statement and Gathering Resources Worksheet

Name: JP

Persuasive Essay: Thesis Statement and Gathering Resources Worksheet

Part 1: Thesis Statement

Write your thesis statement in the box below:

Topic: Internet censorship     Position: Internet censorship is better than filtering or blocking content.   Subtopic 1: helps in preservation of national security by protecting information flaws(online)     Subtopic 2: regulate and guide online activities(cookie)   Subtopic 3: tends to give the government much power to control the computing world(taming)     Once you have identified all parts of your thesis, work to create the one sentence thesis statement below. Thesis Statement: Internet censorship is better than blocking content because it helps in the preservation of national security by protecting information flaws, regulate and guide online activities but tends to give the government much power to control the computing world.

 

Part 2: Gathering Resources

	Thesis subtopic	Which set of search terms resulted in this article on your results page? Example: United States AND Foreign Policy	Write a 50-word response to the following question: How is this source relevant to your subtopic?	APA Reference	Permalink (GCU Library permanent link)
Article supporting Subtopic 1	It helps in preservation of national security by protecting information flaws	National security and Internet censorship.	The article examines the relationship between internet censorship and democratization in different countries. It finds that there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of online censorship and digital surveillance technologies and the level of democratization. The article also suggests that in countries with a higher level of censorship and surveillance, there is a greater risk of political and social oppression and a decrease in the public’s access to information and communication.	Elizabeth Stoycheff, G. Scott Burgess & Maria Clara Martucci (2020) Online censorship and digital surveillance: the relationship between suppression technologies and democratization across countries, Information, Communication & Society, 23:4, 474-490, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2018.1518472
Article supporting Subtopic 2	It regulates and guides online activities.	Online users and content moderation.	The article discusses the affective chilling effects of internet censorship on online users. It suggests that cookies and content moderation have an effect on the ways that users interact with online content. It argues that internet surveillance and censorship can cause users to be more cautious in their online behavior and can lead to a decrease in the free exchange of ideas. It also claims that censorship can lead to a decrease in creativity, diversity, and innovation.	Elizabeth Stoycheff (2022) Cookies and content moderation: affective chilling effects of internet surveillance and censorship, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2022.2063215
Article supporting Subtopic 3	It tends to give the government much power to control the computing world	Web control and content censorship.	The article discusses the conflict between Australia and Facebook, which serves as an example of the battles that arises due to web control. The battle is indicative of a wider trend towards increased internet censorship, as governments and tech companies are increasingly clashing over who should have the power to regulate content on the web. As these companies and governments battle for control, users are increasingly becoming subject to content censorship, whether it be from the companies or governments. It is becoming increasingly clear that the internet is no longer a free-for-all, with governments and companies both wanting to control what can be seen.	Stokel-Walker, C. (2021). Taming big tech. New Scientist, 250(3332), 34–38.

Persuasive Essay Thesis Statement and Gathering Resources Worksheet

Topic 4: Persuasive Essay: Outline Worksheet

Name:

Topic 4: Persuasive Essay: Outline Worksheet

Review “How Do I Organize My Brainstorm into an Outline?” in “The Writing Process” Media piece. Link: http://lc.gcumedia.com/phi105/persuasive-writing-website/persuasive-writing-website-v1.1.html

References and Citation help: http://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources

Assignment Directions:

Use the Persuasive Essay Outline on the next page to outline your persuasive essay by completing the following:

• Use the feedback you received from your instructor to revise your thesis statement.
  1. Write your thesis as a complete sentence (as you would in your essay) in the “Thesis Sentence” section under the Introductory Paragraph heading in the outline below.
• Create a topic sentence for each of the three paragraphs that comprise the body of your essay.
  1. Record the topic sentences in each of the “Topic Sentence” sections under the “Support for Thesis” headings in the outline below.
  2. Your topic sentences should be persuasive in nature and support your thesis.
• Write at least three details for each topic sentence.
  1. These details should provide support for the topic sentence.
  2. Remember to include at least one in-text citation for each supporting paragraph.
  3. Paraphrasing is preferred, use direct quotes minimally (0-3 direct quotes for entire document. Each 40 or less words in length).
• Write a concluding sentence under the “Conclusion” heading in the outline below.
  1. Your concluding sentence should be your thesis restated in different words.
• Make sure to complete reference portion of the outline.

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Persuasive Essay Outline

Introductory Paragraph:

Hook:

Background and contextual information:

Thesis Sentence:

Supporting paragraph 1 (Subtopic 1)

(Make sure to include at least one in-text citation from your research within your details)

 

Persuasive Topic Sentence (include position and align with first subtopic):

 

 

Detail A:

 

 

Detail B:

 

 

Detail C:

 

 

Transitional sentence:

 

 

 

 

Supporting paragraph 2 (Subtopic 2)

(Make sure to include at least one in-text citation from your research within your details)

 

Persuasive Topic Sentence (include position and align with second subtopic):

 

 

Detail A:

 

 

Detail B:

 

 

Detail C:

 

 

Transitional sentence:

 

 

 

Supporting paragraph 3 (Subtopic 3)

(Make sure to include at least one in-text citation from your research within your details)

 

Persuasive Topic Sentence (include position and align with third subtopic):

 

 

Detail A:

 

 

Detail B:

 

 

Detail C:

 

 

Transitional Sentence:

 

 

 

Conclusion

Paraphrase thesis statement (restated in different words):

Summarize main points:

 

Final remarks:

 

 

References

(This will need to be at the top of a new page within essay draft)

Organize all references below into a reference list. Be sure the references are in alphabetical order based on the author’s last name, double-spaced. List should be formatted to have hanging indents by ½ an inch, with the first line left justified and all others indented using the paragraph formatting tool. See the APA Style Guide for help with formatting references and citations. Within the essay, this reference page will be on its own page at end of your essay. Please review the grading rubric prior to completing the outline assignment to ensure successful completion.

Topic 4 Persuasive Essay Outline Worksheet

GCU PHI 105 Critical Thinking Reflection Essay

Find three credible sources that discuss critical thinking.

(One of the three sources should be from ONE of the resources in the links below or the one attached) Consider how they define critical thinking.

In 300-500 words, define critical thinking and expand on what skills are needed to work through the critical thinking process and/or how critical thinking is enhanced. Keep the following guidelines in mind:

1. The sources you found in your research may influence your definition, but your own ideas should be evident. In other words, your process should be: a) Read some definitions and descriptions of critical thinking; b) Comprehend or digest the information, and c) create a synthesized definition of critical thinking.
2. Paraphrasing is preferred. Include an in-text citation whenever paraphrasing or using a direct quote. Keep direct quotes between 0-3 per essay.
3. A reference page that documents the three sources you found (and any other resources you used) is required. Remember, all sources must be cited both in-text and on your reference page.

(Note: Do not simply reword the definitions you read. Consider how you will explain what critical thinking is.)

1) Explore articles on the human brain located on the NewScientist website.

http://www.newscientist.com/topic/brain

2) “Defining Critical Thinking,” by Glaser, located on The Critical Thinking Community website.

http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766

PHI-105 Resource 1

What Is the Value of Critical Thinking?

Introduction

Each of the seven topics for this critical thinking course is designed to give you many opportunities to make this a very successful learning venture. Success in this course will also help you in all the other courses you are taking, as well as your career and the rest of life’s journey.

The topics indicate the required reading assignments that address relevant critical thinking topics. The topics also outline additional concepts, as well as supplemental readings, videos, and exercises that discuss those concepts and further enhance your experience with this subject. The Supplemental Reading documents available for each week will give you information on the concepts and―being true to critical thinking―also present “thought-provoking” questions to encourage further individual exploration. You may not be able to read, watch, or do all the activities, but all will help you on your road to become a better critical thinker. Enjoy the growth to the maximum.

Topic Purpose

This first topic gives you an introduction to the fundamentals of the most unique human function: critical thinking. Here you will have opportunities to study and evaluate what others think about critical thinking. More importantly, you will have chances to determine and articulate what you think about critical thinking. The major concepts in this first topic of the course include definitions of the thinking process; thinking and the brain; critical thinking skills; the value of critical thinking in your work, academic, and personal endeavors; and initiation of your persuasive essay.

Topic Concept #1: What Is Thinking?

What do we mean when we say, “We are the thinking animal”?

Simply put, thinking is often defined as the mental process by which we deal with information―how we make sense of the world. It involves consciousness, imagination, and cognition. Thinking is an activity that underlies all human interaction. We think about what we know, what we do not know, and what we think we know. Then we think about what we thought about. While other animals may think, we seem to be the only animal that thinks about thinking.

How do you define thinking?

Topic Concept #2: The Magnificent Human Brain

Consider the human brain. What makes it so magnificent? What makes it so complex? How is it different than the brains of other animals? What is the “human spark”? How does the thinking process unfold in the brain? With close to a trillion brain cells―more than 100 billion of which are neurons―in the average human brain, the brain helps us realize chaos, as well as bring the chaos into order. It facilitates the evaluation of experiences and the transformation of those experiences into memories. The brain helps us identify problems and direct them into solutions. The brain either controls or monitors everything we think, feel, and do.

In chapter 4, the textbook gives impressive information on the splendor of the brain. There are several additional optional readings and resources provided in the topic course materials section. They are not required for the assignments, but each presents a variety of viewpoints that may or may not align with your personal beliefs. When reviewing these materials, it is recommended that you apply the principles of critical thinking to consider the merits of the perspectives presented.

Topic Concept #3: What Is Critical Thinking?

Scientists, philosophers, and other great thinkers have defined critical thinking from various perspectives: as a process, set of proficiencies, competencies, self-assessment, questioning expertise, and/or a disciplined mode of thinking. Some divide it into steps, traits, skills, etc.

The word “critical” has evolved from the Greek kritikos, which means “able to make judgments,” and from krinein, “to separate, decide.” In our present language, the word “critical” is used in application to judgment, criticism, crisis, danger, risk, etc. What does it mean when it is used in conjunction with thinking?

How would you define critical thinking? How can you tell when it is being practiced (or not being practiced)?

Topic Concept #4: What Is the Value of Critical Thinking?

What is the value of critical thinking in general? In your work life? In your academic journey?

It is well known that change is constant. Life is dynamic, and so it must be with thinking. What you thought you knew yesterday−or even a minute ago−will have changed by the time you finished reading this sentence. Adapting to this constant change not only requires an open mind but one that is constantly and creatively looking for new answers.

How do you think critical thinking skills can benefit you? Is it necessary or advantageous to always apply critical thinking skills to everything you say or do? Why or why not? When or when not?

If anything, the workplace is very dynamic. This is true of not only the people, but the processes, technologies, and structures. So are you! How can critical thinking skills help you to not only survive but thrive in the constantly changing workplace?

Academic credentialing−i.e., getting a degree−requires considerable reading, research, and writing. Great learning requires thoughtful, even critical reading, research, and writing. What role does thinking play in any or all of these areas? How can strong critical thinking skills help you in your academic pursuits? What other critical thinking points should be considered when learning via the online mode?

At Grand Canyon University, you are given the opportunity to “Find Your Purpose.” How can you use your critical thinking skills in this life-defining endeavor?

Topic Concept #5: Persuasive Essay

Please see your syllabus regarding the instructions for creating and completing the persuasive essay. Think about it, and enjoy the application of your new learning.

PHI-105 Resource 1