Health Promotion/Learning Project
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Instructor’s Name
Date
Health Promotion/Learning Project
Introduction
Obesity is a complex disease that involves an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is a serious medical problem that increases the risk of developing various types of disease and health problems. People with obesity are likely to develop other illnesses such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and certain types of cancer (Lebenbaum et al., 2018). Obesity management majorly involves lifestyle changes, which are achieved through health promotion and learning activities.
The patient is a 32-year-old Caucasian female who was diagnosed with obesity one year ago. The patient must learn and practice a healthy lifestyle to manage his body weight (obesity) to prevent possible associated health issues (Lebenbaum et al., 2018). The patient has been reluctant but has recently shown interest in health promotion and learning. In that regard, this paper provides an assessment of the patient using Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns as well as a health promotion/learning plan for the patient.
The Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception and Health Management
The patient’s past health history does not show the presence of any chronic illness. The patient is currently suffering from being overweight (obesity), which made him walk to the clinic. He is binning to be anxious about his body and shape (Carbone et al., 2019). He is also mindful of how other people perceive his condition. He has a habit of eating frequently and spending hours on the computer. He has no habit of alcohol consumption, smoking, and chewing tobacco, and no use of other injectable drugs. The patient says he does not have any health issues apart from him being obsessed. His medical history does not indicate recent hospital hospitalization (Carbone et al., 2019). He says he has not put in place any effort previously to manage his weight. His sedentary life and unhealthy eating habit might have caused his condition.
Nutrition and Metabolism
The patient has a good appetite and his food intake is more than four to five times a day and many snacks. The patient’s assessment indicated that he does not have any food allergies. The patient is doing well in terms of fluid intake, which is 3 to 4 liters of water per day (Jebeile et al., 2019). He has no difficulty with eating and swallowing. His temperature was 36.8℃, pulse rate 74/min, respiration 78/min, blood pressure 110/60mmHg, height 162 cm, weight 83kg, BMI 31.6.
Elimination Pattern
The patient has a regular bowel at least once daily. He has no problem with associated with bladder or urination. The patient denied excretory problems such as incontinence, constipation, diarrhea, and urinary retention issues (Haywood & Sumithran, 2019). Therefore, the patient did not manifest or complain of any problem related to the excretory or elimination pattern.
Activity and Exercise
The patient does not have a planned routine for regular exercise activities. The patent lives a sedentary life many a time and spends a lot of time on the computer. He walks occasionally, but that depends on mood and leisure time. Physical activity and exercise is the major lifestyle change or recommendation for proper and effective management of obesity (Van Strien, 2018). The patient needs special education about the importance of physical activity.
Cognition and Perception
Cognition refers to the mental process of knowing, learning, and understanding things. Perception is the ability to capture, process, and make sense of the information that our senses receive. In this case, the patient has good sensory and auditory adequacy (Cook et al., 2018). The entrance to the auditory system is through your ear. The patient does not complain of any ear problems. The patient agreed that he does not have any listening problems. He has a good memory and can remember events, names of people, objects, places, and other things several days and even years after the first encounter (Cook et al., 2018). The patient is oriented x4, meaning he is oriented to person, place, time, and situation.
Sleep and Rest
The patient has irregular sleep and rest pattern. He says he does not have a specific time to sleep or rest. He sleeps for three hours sometimes and at other times 6 hours. However, the patient denies using any sleep aids or sedatives to rest. Based on the presented information, the patient does not have regular activity and exercise (Machado et al., 2020). He needs to improve his exercise and sleep patterns.
Self-Perception and Self-Concept
The patient has a negative self-perception due to his weight and shape. However, he feels he is a good person, kind, and helpful. He shows a positive attitude towards others. The patient also respects other people’s feelings. He also feels like he has failed to care for himself which is why he is that way (Nardocci et al., 2019). He perceives himself in such a way that he cannot reverse his situation and that he might not be helped even though he pursues it at the clinic. The patient needs serious attention to help him change his self-perception and self-concept.
Roles and Relationships
The patient has several roles and responsibilities around him from different spheres. For example, he is a family man with a wife, children, siblings, parents, and some extended family members. The patient has responsibilities towards his wife and children. He also takes care of his old parents (Cook et al., 2018). He is the breadwinner in the family, therefore, he has a lot to care for. Apart from his two children, wife, and two parents, he also takes care of his two siblings. He is also a master’s student pursuing public health, therefore, he has a responsibility towards his studies.
Sexuality and Reproduction
In this section, the assessment is focused on the person’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with sexuality patterns and reproductive functions. Concerns with sexuality and reproduction were not identified. The patient is sexually active, has a wife and children. The patient does not have any problem with fertility. Additionally, he denies erectile dysfunction issues or any other dissatisfaction with sexuality patterns and reproduction.
Coping and Stress Tolerance
Here, the assessment is focused on the person’s perception of stress and his or her coping strategies Support systems. In this particular case, the patient is developing the elements of both positive and negative coping. For example, he is developing positive coping in that he was able to walk to the clinic to seek help (So et al., 2017). On the other hand, he develops negative coping in that he is beginning to develop stress due to his weight and body shape. He has also developed negative self-perception. He says that he watches videos or listens to music when he begins to think about his condition. Sometimes he cries silently when he cannot control it.
Values and Belief
The patient believes in western medicine, medications, and hospital-based treatment. However, he says he does not believe that obesity can be treated. He does not believe that exercise can have a significant influence on the management of obesity. He says before he begins any promotional or earning regimen, he needs to be educated first about obesity, cause, treatment, and prevention (Blüher, 2020). The patient believes in fairness and justice, as well as hard work and obedience. He also believes in the freedom to make his own decisions regarding every aspect of his life.
Health Promotion/Learning Plan
Health is precious to all individuals because is an important aspect of life. The health promotion/learning plan includes educating the patient about obesity. In this case, health promotion/learning will include obesity, its cause, treatment, and prevention.
Obesity
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in the body that presents a risk to one’s health. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially, heart failure (HF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (Wharton et al., 2020). In Canada, one in four adults (25%) is now obese, which is almost twice the prevalence observed in 1978. A body mass index (BMI) that is over 25 is considered overweight and over 30 is obese. The risk of obesity and overweight continues to grow in adults and children (Wharton et al., 2020). Obesity is also associated with unemployment, social disadvantages, and reduced socio-economic productivity, thus increasingly creating an economic burden.
Causes of Obesity
Although there are genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity often occurs when you take in more calories than those burnt through daily activities and exercise. The body stores the excess calories as fat. In Canada, most people’s diets are too high in calories, normally from fast food and high-calorie beverages (Nardocci et al., 2019). People with obesity might eat more calories before getting full. Risk factors contributing to obesity include an unhealthy diet, liquid calories, as well as inactivity.
Treatment and Prevention of Obesity
The primary aim of obesity is to reach and stay at a healthy weight. It improves overall health while reducing the risk of developing complications related to obesity. Treatment of obesity includes dietary changes, exercise and activity, behavioral changes, weight loss medications, and weight loss surgery (Heffron et al., 2020). Reducing calories and practicing heather habits are vital to overcoming obesity. The patient needs to cut calories, as well as eat small portions. The nurse should educate the patient to make healthier choices by eating more plant-based foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Increased exercise or physical activity is an essential part of obesity treatment. Behavioral changes involve counseling and support groups (Heffron et al., 2020). This approach can be helpful to the patient to address emotional and behavioral issues related to eating, being overweight, and obesity.
Weight-loss medications should be used along with diet, exercise, and behavior changes. The most commonly used medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat obesity include bupropion-naltrexone (Contrave), liraglutide (Saxenda), orlistat (Alli, Xenical), and phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia) (Rhee et al., 2018). Types of weight loss surgery include adjustable gastric banding, gastric bypass surgery, and gastric sleeve. Lowering the risk of overweight and obesity includes reducing the number of calories consumed from fats and sugars, increasing the portion of daily intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and nuts, and engaging in regular physical activity (60 minutes per day for children and 150 minutes per week for adults).
Conclusion
Obesity is a complex health problem due to the excessive accumulation of fat. People with obesity are likely to develop other illnesses such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns was used to assess the patient and gather related health information. Health promotion/learning should revolve around reducing weight and maintaining a healthy diet. Physical exercise is highly recommended to manage obesity.
References
Blüher, M. (2020). Metabolically healthy obesity. Endocrine reviews, 41(3), 405-420. https://academic.oup.com/edrv 1
Carbone, S., Canada, J. M., Billingsley, H. E., Siddiqui, M. S., Elagizi, A., & Lavie, C. J. (2019). Obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease: where do we stand?. Vascular health and risk management, 15, 89. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S168946
Cook, D. J., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., Jönsson, L., & Morant, A. V. (2018). Technology-enabled assessment of functional health. IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering, 12, 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2018.2851500
Heffron, S. P., Parham, J. S., Pendse, J., & Alemán, J. O. (2020). Treatment of obesity in mitigating metabolic risk. Circulation research, 126(11), 1646-1665. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315897
Haywood, C., & Sumithran, P. (2019). Treatment of obesity in older persons—a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 20(4), 588-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12815
Jebeile, H., Gow, M. L., Baur, L. A., Garnett, S. P., Paxton, S. J., & Lister, N. B. (2019). Treatment of obesity, with a dietary component, and eating disorder risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 20(9), 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12866
Lebenbaum, M., Zaric, G. S., Thind, A., & Sarma, S. (2018). Trends in obesity and multimorbidity in Canada. Preventive medicine, 116, 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.025
Machado, P. P., Steele, E. M., Levy, R. B., da Costa Louzada, M. L., Rangan, A., Woods, J., … & Monteiro, C. A. (2020). Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population. Nutrition & diabetes, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-020-00141-0
Nardocci, M., Leclerc, B. S., Louzada, M. L., Monteiro, C. A., Batal, M., & Moubarac, J. C. (2019). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0130-x
Rhee, K. E., Kessl, S., Lindback, S., Littman, M., & El-Kareh, R. E. (2018). Provider views on childhood obesity management in primary care settings: a mixed methods analysis. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2870-y
So, H., McLaren, L., & Currie, G. C. (2017). The relationship between health eating and overweight/obesity in Canada: cross‐sectional study using the CCHS. Obesity science & practice, 3(4), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.123
Van Strien, T. (2018). Causes of emotional eating and matched treatment of obesity. Current diabetes reports, 18(6), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1000-x
Wharton, S., Lau, D. C., Vallis, M., Sharma, A. M., Biertho, L., Campbell-Scherer, D., … & Wicklum, S. (2020). Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. Cmaj, 192(31), E875-E891. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/31/E875\