I have 2 assignments, 4 pages each, they both depend on each other for completion.
First Paper
Create a 3-5 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing one of the health care problems or issues in the Assessment Topic Areas media piece faced by a health care organization that is of interest to you.
Introduction
In your professional life, you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the ever-changing health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need. For this assessment, you will review the Assessment Topic Areas media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues to research, which will be a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization that is of interest to you.
Instructions
Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.
For this assessment, research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking.
View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview:
Summarize the health care problem or issue.
Describe your interest in the topic.
Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
Identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to health care issue or problem.
Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. You will select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past 3–5 years that relate to your topic.
Refer to the NHS-FPX4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective Library Guide to help you locate appropriate references.
Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.
Assess the credibility and explain relevance of the information sources you find.
Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
Determine if the publication is current.
Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Provide rationale for inclusion of each selected article. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. In your annotated bibliography:
Identify the purpose of the article.
Summarize the information.
Provide rationale for inclusion of each article.
Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
Write your annotated bibliography in a paragraph form. The annotated bibliography should be approximately 150 words (1–3 paragraphs) in length.
List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
Summarize what you have learned from developing an annotated bibliography.
Summarize what you learned from your research in a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper.
List the main points you learned from your research.
Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:
Assessment 2 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:
Length: 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
APA tutorial: Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance.
Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.
References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.
APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
Identify academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a health care problem or issue and describe the criteria used for the literature search.
Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.
Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.
Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.
Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography.
Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella\’s writing standards.
Summarize a health care problem or issue and describe a personal interest in it and experience with it.
Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references
Second PAPER
Describe the health care problem or issue you selected for use in Assessment 2 (from the Assessment Topic Areas media piece) and provide details about it.
Explore your chosen topic. For this, you should use the first four steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking. This approach was introduced in Assessment 2.
Identify possible causes for the problem or issue.
Use scholarly information to describe and explain the health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.
Identify at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles about the topic.
You may find the How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library guide helpful in locating appropriate references.
You may use articles you found while working on Assessment 2 or you may search the Capella library for other articles.
You may find the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide helpful in your search.
Review the Think Critically About Source Quality to help you complete the following:
Assess the credibility of the information sources.
Assess the relevance of the information sources.
Analyze the health care problem or issue.
Describe the setting or context for the problem or issue.
Describe why the problem or issue is important to you.
Identify groups of people affected by the problem or issue.
Provide examples that support your analysis of the problem or issue.
Discuss potential solutions for the health care problem or issue.
Describe what would be required to implement a solution.
Describe potential consequences of ignoring the problem or issue.
Provide the pros and cons for one of the solutions you are proposing.
Explain the ethical principles (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if potential solution was implemented.
Describe what would be necessary to implement the proposed solution.
Explain the ethical principles that need to be considered (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if the potential solution was implemented.
Provide examples from the literature to support the points you are making.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:
Assessment 3 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:
Length: 4–6 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
APA tutorial: Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance.
Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Using outside sources: Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.
References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles and three in-text citations within the paper.
APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citations of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.
Organize your paper using the following structure and headings:
Title page. A separate page.
Introduction. A brief one-paragraph statement about the purpose of the paper.
Elements of the problem/issue. Identify the elements of the problem or issue or question.
Analysis. Analyze, define, and frame the problem or issue.
Considering options. Consider solutions, responses, or answers.
Solution. Choose a solution, response, or answer.
Ethical implications. Ethical implications of implementing the solution.
Implementation. Implementation of the potential solution.
Conclusion. One paragraph.
Competencies Measured:
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
Use scholarly information to describe and explain a health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.
Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.
Analyze a health care problem or issue by describing the context, explaining why it is important and identifying populations affected by it.
Discuss potential solutions for a health care problem or issue and describe what would be required to implement a solution.
Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.
Explain the ethical principles (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if potential solution was implemented
Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella\’s writing standards.
Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.
Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliations
Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem
Nurses play a key role in identifying and solving healthcare problems that have negative impacts on patient outcomes. In order to select the right actions to take to address patient care issues, nurses must first analyze the existing problem to understand its causes and potential solutions (Abu-Baker et al., 2021). Numerous factors can cause medication errors in healthcare settings. Actions that a healthcare organization takes to address medication errors must be evidence-based (Mutair et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of medication errors, identify evidence-based solutions, and recommend approaches for implementing those solutions to promote patient safety.
Explanation of the Healthcare Problem: Elements of the Problem/Issue
As the healthcare organization strives to maximize patient safety, it is still faced with the challenge of managing factors such as medication errors that cause adverse events and impact negatively on patient outcomes. According to Cohen (2007), medication errors in hospital settings commonly occur during prescription and administration. The possible causes of medication errors in the healthcare setting are attributed to the failure by healthcare professionals to follow the five rights of medication administrations as recommended by the Institute for Health Improvement (IHI) (Institute for Health Improvement, 2017). Precisely, most of the cases of medication errors in the facility are attributed to administering a drug to the wrong patient, administering the wrong drug to a patient, incorrect dose calculation, administering a drug through the wrong route, and failure to give medication at the recommended time. The most likely contributing factor is limited medication administration knowledge among healthcare professionals, especially new employees. Ideally, addressing the knowledge gap among healthcare professionals in the facility in relation to medication administration will help to reduce rates of medication errors and promote patient safety.
Analysis of the Healthcare Problem and Options
The context in which medication errors occur, their impacts, and the specific populations affected have an influence on the actions that a healthcare setting will take to promote patient safety. On applying the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach, it is evident that medication errors in the facility occur in a context where nurses with different levels of experience interact to provide care to patients with different medication needs. These nurses are faced with the challenge of ensuring that their patients receive safe and quality healthcare services irrespective of the complexity of their health problems.
It is highly imperative for nurses to explain why it is important to describe medication errors and the populations that are mostly affected. Essentially, it is important to explore the problem of medication errors and to identify its causes and affected populations due to their genitive impacts on patient outcomes, healthcare costs, and the organization’s reputation. In a study conducted by Mutair et al. (2021), the researchers discovered that medication errors are associated with adverse events in hospitalized patients leading to poor health outcomes, prolonged length of hospital stay, increased healthcare costs, and a negative hospital image among members of the public. Medication errors affect patient populations of different age groups including children, youth, adults, and the elderly (Gebre et al., 2021). However, Gebre et al. (2021) assert that the pediatrics and the elderly are at a higher risk of developing more serious adverse events due to medication errors when compared with adults and adolescents. For example, it is highly likely that administering a double dosage of a drug to a pediatric patient can cause more severe adverse effects when compared with the impacts that would occur when a similar medication error occurred on an adult patient. However, it is important to note that nurses should strive to prevent medication errors irrespective of the age of the patients they are handling.
Potential Solutions and Implementation
Healthcare organizations must evaluate evidence-based interventions when selecting potential solutions to address a healthcare problem. The organization can consider implementing a number of options to address medication errors. For instance, it can implement a pharmacist-led educational intervention (Jaam et al., 2021), foster a patient safety culture that promotes medication error reporting (Jang et al., 2021), utilize barcoding systems and staff education (Koeck et al., 2021), and implement a medication error reporting program (Mutair et al., 2021). A detailed analysis of the current problem revealed that the most likely contributing factor is limited medication administration knowledge among healthcare professionals. Therefore, to eliminate medication errors, the healthcare organization should implement a pharmacist-led educational intervention will all nurses in the facility to improve their medication administration knowledge and competencies. This best practice is supported by evidence-based research.
The organization must have the right resources in place to be able to successfully implement a pharmacist-led educational intervention with the nurses. For example, it needs a team of trainers to deliver the educational program. The team should be led by a qualified pharmacist with advanced experience in patient care, medication prescribing, and medication administration (Jaam et al., 2021). The organization also needs educational materials to be used in the training. Examples of such resources include charts, pamphlets, computers, and projectors. Besides, for a successful implementation of the educational program to occur, the organization needs leadership support and cooperation from nurses (Hospodková et al., 2021). It is important to note that the potential consequences of ignoring the problem or issue include; poor patient outcomes, prolonged length of hospital stay, increased healthcare costs, and a negative hospital image among members of the public (Mutair et al., 2021). The best way to prevent these consequences is to implement the proposed pharmacist-led educational program.
Ethical Implications
The successful implementation of a pharmacist-led educational intervention has some ethical implications. The impacts of the solution can be explained in terms of ethical principles. Precisely, the healthcare organization should consider the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice (Sorrell, 2017). For example, implementing the solution will enable the organization to demonstrate the principle of beneficence by maximizing benefits for patients. It will also meet the principle of non-maleficence by protecting patients from deliberate harm. Additionally, the organization must demonstrate the principle of autonomy by obtaining consent from the nurses. It must also observe the principle of justice by ensuring that the program is implemented fairly among the nurses (Sorrell, 2017). Generally, the team steering the change should ensure that the process is in compliance with the named ethical principles.
Conclusion
Detailed analysis into health problems that are affecting healthcare organizations provides insights into their causes and the potential solutions to address them. Nurses are charged with the responsibility of identifying possible causes of healthcare problems and evidence-based interventions to address those issues. It is important to adhere to ethical principles when implementing interventions to address health problems such as medication errors.
References
Abu-Baker, N. N., AbuAlrub, S., Obeidat, R. F., & Assmairan, K. (2021). Evidence-based practice beliefs and implementations: a cross-sectional study among undergraduate nursing students. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00522-x
Cohen, M. R. (2007). Medication errors. 2nd ed. American Pharmacists Association.
Gebre, M., Addisu, N., Getahun, A., Workye, J., Gamachu, B., Fekadu, G., Tekle, T., Wakuma, B., Fetensa, G., Mosisa, B., & Bayisa, G. (2021). Medication Errors Among Hospitalized Adults in Medical Wards of Nekemte Specialized Hospital, West Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study. Drug, healthcare and patient safety, 13, 221–228. https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S328824
Hospodková, P., Berežná, J., Barták, M., Rogalewicz, V., Severová, L., & Svoboda, R. (2021). Change management and digital innovations in hospitals of five European countries. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(11), 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111508
Institute for Health Improvement. (2017). The five rights of medication administration. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/ImprovementStories/FiveRightsofMedicationAdministration.aspx
Jaam, M., Naseralallah, L. M., Hussain, T. A., & Pawluk, S. A. (2021). Pharmacist-led educational interventions provided to healthcare providers to reduce medication errors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 16(6), e0253588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253588.
Jang, S. J., Lee, H., & Son, Y. J. (2021). Perceptions of patient safety culture and medication error reporting among early- and mid-career female nurses in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094853.
Koeck, J. A., Young, N. J., Kontny, U., Orlikowsky, T., Bassler, D., & Eisert, A. (2021). Interventions to reduce medication dispensing, administration, and monitoring errors in pediatric professional healthcare settings: a systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 633064. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.633064
Mutair, A. A., Alhumaid, S., Shamsan, A., Zaidi, A., Mohaini, M. A., Al Mutairi, A., Rabaan, A. A., Awad, M., & Al-Omari, A. (2021). The effective strategies to avoid medication errors and improving reporting systems. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland), 8(9), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8090046
Sorrell, J. M., (2017). Ethics: Ethical issues with medical errors: Shaping a culture of safety in healthcare. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 22(2). doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No02EthCol01
https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No02EthCol01